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Mesothelioma<br><br>Mesothelioma is a cancer that grows in the linings of protection around organs like the chest and abdomen. It is most often caused by exposure to asbestos, especially for people who work in industries or construction.<br><br>Early diagnosis and treatment is essential to a positive prognosis. If mesothelioma has been detected earlier the patients are more likely to be successful.<br><br>Causes<br><br>Mesothelioma an aggressive cancerous tumor that forms in the tissue that surrounds the abdomen and chest is a rare condition. In the majority of cases, Mesothelioma lawyers - [https://historydb.date/wiki/This_History_Behind_Mesothelioma_Lawyer_Will_Haunt_You_Forever https://historydb.Date/] - malignancy is found in the lung's lining (the pleura) or the stomach's lining and intestines (the peritoneum). However, it can also be found in other tissues, such as the tissue that surrounds the heart (pericardial mesothelioma) and the testicles (tunica vaginalis mesothelioma).<br><br>Asbestos exposure is the most significant cause of mesothelioma. Asbestos is a group minerals that contain microscopic fibers. Asbestos was once widely used in a range of industries, including shipbuilding, insulation, and construction. Asbestos exposure may cause mesothelioma-related symptoms for up to 40 years after the last exposure.<br><br>The most commonly reported symptoms is difficulty breathing. This is due to the buildup of fluid within the lung's lungs and the chest wall. Doctors can identify the disease through examining the medical records of a patient as well as performing diagnostic tests. They will examine the patient's X rays, computed-tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRI) to determine if there is any evidence of asbestos exposure.<br><br>A biopsy is a method of diagnosing the presence of pleural mesothelioma. During the test, physicians will take a small piece of tissue from the affected area to examine under a microscope. A biopsy is performed by using two methods such as VATS, a type of keyhole surgery. A needle is inserted into the CT scan.<br><br>The signs and symptoms of mesothelioma can be compared to those of other diseases which makes it difficult to identify. It is important to see your doctor whenever you begin to notice any signs.<br><br>When [https://scientific-programs.science/wiki/The_Most_Important_Reasons_That_People_Succeed_In_The_Mesothelioma_Lawsuit_Industry mesothelioma lawyer] first gets diagnosed, it's usually in an advanced stage. Treatment options are limited. The majority of patients with mesothelioma in the lung die from complications of the disease. This includes respiratory failure and pneumonia. A lesser proportion of patients with mesothelioma affecting other organs, for instance those suffering from pericardial and tunica vaginalis mesothelioma, die from complications of the heart or their bowels.<br><br>Symptoms<br><br>A lot of the symptoms of mesothelioma are comparable to those of other illnesses or conditions which is why it can be difficult for doctors to determine an accurate diagnosis. They might begin by asking patients about their history of exposure to asbestos. They may also request a CT scan or chest X-ray to look for any issues with the lungs and chest. The next step is usually a biopsy. Doctors will take a small portion of the patient's blood to determine if mesothelioma is present. A biopsy can be used to determine whether the cancerous cells are malignant.<br><br>Pleural mesothelioma develops in the lung's lining and the symptoms typically include pain and shortness of breath that becomes worse over time. These symptoms could also be caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lung (pleural effusion). Other signs of pleural mesothelioma include bloody coughing, abdominal pain and abdominal swelling weight loss, fatigue and difficulty breathing. Peritoneal mesothelioma is a rarer form of me and typically triggers symptoms such as abdominal discomfort, nausea, fatigue, and fever. Mesothelioma of the tunica vulginalis is even less common and can cause testicular pain as well as a lump on the scrotum and loss of appetite.<br><br>If mesothelioma spreads to other organs doctors will make use of an array of tests and treatments to treat it. They may use chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy to stop or stop the growth of mesothelioma. These treatments can be performed in the hospital or at home through an outpatient clinic.<br><br>A biopsy can also help doctors determine which mesothelioma type the patient has. There are three main [https://heavenarticle.com/author/saltbongo94-564360/ mesothelioma lawsuit] cell types: epithelioid and biphasic and sarcomatoid. The most common mesothelioma cell type is epithelioid. They grow more slowly than other cancerous cells and can be treated more easily. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma is more difficult to treat and is prone to spreading quickly.<br><br>If you notice any signs that are not normal, you should seek immediate treatment. It is imperative that they seek treatment immediately if they notice any signs. An incorrect diagnosis can stop them from receiving the appropriate treatment and give cancer more time to develop. Patients who have mesothelioma treated aggressive treatment have a greater chance of living for longer.<br><br>Diagnosis<br><br>It can be difficult to identify mesothelioma since it is a rare type of cancer. It can take months or even weeks for doctors to determine that a patient is suffering from a condition that needs treatment. In addition to a physical examination doctor will inquire about asbestos exposure, and how symptoms first developed. The doctor may also request an imaging scan. These tests will help identify areas where there is a issue in the lungs or chest cavity.<br><br>A biopsy is the principal test used to identify mesothelioma. This involves taking one small portion of the tumor then examining it with a magnifying lens. The specialist doctor who examines the tumor will be able to tell whether it is mesothelioma and which type of mesothelioma it is.<br><br>There are three types of mesothelioma: epithelioid, sarcomatoid or mixed (biphasic). The type of cell can affect how well the tumor can be treated. Epithelioid cancer cells are the most common, forming about 70 percent of mesothelioma cases. Sarcomatoid cells look like those in fibrous tissue and are found in the remaining 30 percent of mesothelioma victims. Mixed mesothelioma can be the most dangerous, as it has both epithelioid and sarcomatoid cells.<br><br>A blood test can be used to determine if levels of osteopontin, fibulin-3 and mesothelin-related soluble peptides are elevated in the body. These substances are usually higher in mesothelioma patients compared to other people. However, the results of these tests are not enough to prove or disprove mesothelioma diagnosis.<br><br>The doctor might also recommend other tests if [https://slopefold3.werite.net/how-to-explain-mesothelioma-lawsuits-to-your-grandparents mesothelioma legal] diagnosis is confirmed to determine the extent to which the cancer has spread and how it affects the health of the patient. A lung function test, for example will show the efficiency of the lungs and help the doctor decide if surgery is an option.<br><br>Other tests that could be done include the CT scan, MRI or PET-CT scan. A PET-CT scan combines an CT scan with a positron emission tomography scanner, which aids doctors determine if cancer has been able to spread and where it's located. A doctor can also request an ultrasound scan to look for the accumulation of fluid around the heart.<br><br>Treatment<br><br>Mesothelioma patients must find the best treatment that matches their specific diagnosis. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy and radiation, as well as immunotherapy. Patients should collaborate with the specialists of an experienced mesothelioma cancer center in their local area to receive the best treatment that is possible.<br><br>Doctors can detect Mesothelioma with physical examinations, laboratory tests, and imaging scans. A patient can be referred for more in-depth tests or treatment options such as a biopsies. A biopsy is a procedure in which a doctor removes a small sample of tissue to be examined under microscope. Mesothelioma, a cancer, occurs in the mesothelium which is a layer of protective cells that protect organs within the abdomen and chest. It can grow into bloodstreams and then spread to other areas of the body. There, it can cause life-threatening complications.<br><br>In addition to a biopsied scan, doctors can also conduct an CT scan of the chest or abdomen. These imaging tests are utilized to identify signs of mesothelioma, as well as other diseases. They can also reveal the effects of the tumor on the organs around it. For example mesothelioma that is affecting the lungs could also affect the intestines and the heart.<br><br>The blood tests can detect the presence of a substance in blood that indicates the presence of mesothelioma. However these tests aren't always accurate and they cannot replace the mesothelioma biopsy. [https://husted-agger-2.blogbright.net/asbestos-cancer-lawsuit-lawyer-mesothelioma-the-ugly-truth-about-asbestos-cancer-lawsuit-lawyer-mesothelioma/ mesothelioma lawsuit] can be diagnosed at an early stage, which is important to improve survival rates.<br><br>Three types of mesothelioma exist based on the cells that are formed. Epithelioid is by far the most popular kind that is most responsive to treatment. Sarcomatoid and biphasic mesothelioma is less responsive to treatment and have a lower prognosis.<br><br>The Pleura is the lining which protects the lungs. Pleural mesothelioma can easily be treated by doctors using either surgery or chemotherapy. Two procedures are available for mesothelioma of this kind: extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) and pleurectomy that includes pericardiectomy (P/D).<br><br>Doctors may also opt for hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy or HIOC, to reduce the possibility that cancer will recur after surgery. During HIOC doctors inject cancer-fighting agents directly into the surgical region. After that, they rock the patient back and forth to bathe the area in hot chemotherapy fluids.
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Mesothelioma<br><br>Mesothelioma is a cancerous tumor that affects the linings of organs such as the abdomen and chest is caused by asbestos exposure. It is most often caused by asbestos exposure, specifically for those who work in industrial or construction work.<br><br>Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to a positive prognosis. Patients suffering from mesothelioma can have better outcomes if they are diagnosed before the disease has been able to spread.<br><br>Causes<br><br>Mesothelioma is a tumor that can be cancerous that develops in the tissue that surrounds the abdomen and chest is a rare disorder. Malignant [https://articlescad.com/ten-mesothelioma-lawsuit-attorney-assistance-related-stumbling-blocks-you-shouldnt-share-on-twitter-412784.html mesothelioma lawyers] ([https://hikvisiondb.webcam/wiki/The_Most_Negative_Advice_Weve_Ever_Seen_About_Mesothelioma_Mesothelioma use Hikvisiondb]) is most often found in the tissues surrounding the lungs stomach, intestines and lungs. However, it can also manifest in other tissues, such as the tissue that surrounds the heart (pericardial mesothelioma) and the testicles (tunica vaginalis mesothelioma).<br><br>The exposure to asbestos is the main cause of mesothelioma. Asbestos is a group minerals that contain microscopic fibers. Asbestos was once used widely in a variety of industries, including construction, insulation and shipbuilding. Asbestos-related exposure can cause people to develop mesothelioma-related symptoms up to 40 years after their last exposure to the substance.<br><br>The most commonly reported sign is difficulty breathing. This is caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lung's space and the chest wall. Doctors can diagnose mesothelioma through reviewing a patient's medical records and doing diagnostic tests. They will search for any history of exposure to asbestos as well as examine the patient's Xrays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).<br><br>A biopsy is the main method used to detect mesothelioma that is pleural. During this test, doctors will remove a small portion of the affected region to examine under microscope. A biopsy is performed by using two methods: VATS (Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery), a type of keyhole surgery or a needle that is inserted using a CT scan.<br><br>Mesothelioma is often difficult to detect because the symptoms and signs are similar to other types of. This is why it's important to consult a doctor when you experience any symptoms that worry you.<br><br>At the time mesothelioma gets diagnosed, it's usually at an advanced stage. Treatment options are limited. Most patients who have mesothelioma of the lung die from complications of the disease, such as pneumonia and respiratory failure. A smaller number of patients suffering from mesothelioma that affects other organs, such as those who have pericardial or tunica vaginalis mesothelioma. They die from complications affecting the heart or bowels.<br><br>Symptoms<br><br>The symptoms of mesothelioma are similar to those of other diseases or conditions which is why it can be difficult for doctors to determine an accurate diagnosis. They might begin by asking patients about their experience of exposure to asbestos. They may also order a CT scan or chest X-ray in order to look for problems in the lungs and chest. The next step is usually a biopsy, in which doctors take a small sample to test for mesothelioma. A biopsy can be used to determine if the cancerous cells are malignant.<br><br>Pleural mesothelioma can develop in the lung's lining, and the signs are typically breathing shortness and pain that get worse with time. These symptoms could be caused by fluid buildup in the lung (pleural effusion). Other signs of pleural mesothelioma include bloody coughing abdominal pain and swelling in the abdomen, weight loss, fatigue and difficulty breathing. Peritoneal mesothelioma is not as common and is usually associated with symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, fatigue, and fever. Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis area is even less common and can cause testicular pain, a lump in the scrotum as well as loss of appetite.<br><br>If mesothelioma spreads to other areas of the body doctors will make use of a combination of treatments and tests to treat it. They can use surgery as well as chemotherapy treatment, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy to kill mesothelioma tumor cells or stop them from forming. These treatments can be given in a hospital, at home or through the clinic.<br><br>A biopsy can assist doctors determine the type of mesothelioma the patient is suffering from. There are three primary mesothelioma cancer cell types: epithelioid, biphasic and sarcomatoid. Epithelioid mesothelioma cells are most common and grow slower than other cancerous cells, which is why they are less difficult to treat. Sarcomatoid cancer is more difficult to treat and is prone to spreading rapidly.<br><br>A patient with mesothelioma needs to seek immediate treatment if they exhibit any symptoms. It is crucial to seek treatment as soon as they experience any symptoms. A misdiagnosis could prevent them from receiving the correct treatment and prolong cancer time to develop. Patients with mesothelioma that receive intensive treatment have a better chance of living for longer.<br><br>Diagnosis<br><br>It is often difficult to identify [https://articlescad.com/a-rewind-what-people-said-about-mesothelioma-lawsuit-timeline-20-years-ago-428586.html mesothelioma lawsuit] since it is a rare form of cancer. It can take doctors weeks or even months to identify a patient with a condition that requires treatment. In addition to a physical exam, the doctor will inquire about asbestos exposure, and how symptoms first developed. The doctor may request an imaging scan. These tests can help to identify areas where there is a problem in the lungs and chest cavity.<br><br>The main test used to detect mesothelioma involves a biopsy that involves removing a small piece of the tumor and examining it under microscope. The specialist doctor will be able discern if the cancer is mesothelioma and the type of [https://vuf.minagricultura.gov.co/Lists/Informacin%20Servicios%20Web/DispForm.aspx?ID=8797382 mesothelioma law] it is.<br><br>There are three types of mesothelioma: epithelioid, sarcomatoid or mixed (biphasic). The cell type is important because it affects the ease of the tumor to treat. Epithelioid cell types are the most prevalent, which are found in around 70 percent of mesothelioma cases. Sarcomatoid cells resemble the fibrous tissue cells and are found in the remaining 30 percent of mesothelioma sufferers. The most risky mesothelioma variant, called mixed mesothelioma occurs when it is composed of epithelioid as well as sarcomatoid cancer cells.<br><br>The use of blood tests is to determine if levels of fibulin-3 and mesothelin-soluble Peptides, as well as osteopontin, are elevated. These substances are more prevalent in mesothelioma patients, but not in other people. The results of these tests aren't conclusive in either proving or disproving a diagnosis.<br><br>If a mesothelioma diagnose is confirmed, the doctor could also ask for additional tests to determine how far the cancer has spread and how it's affecting the patient's overall health. A lung function test, for example, will reveal the efficiency of the lungs and help doctors determine if surgery is an option.<br><br>Other tests include a CT scan or MRI. A PET-CT scan combines an CT scan with a positron emission tomography scanner, which allows doctors to determine if cancer has taken hold and where it's located. A doctor may also order an ultrasound to determine the extent of any accumulation of fluid in the heart.<br><br>Treatment<br><br>Mesothelioma patients need to find the best treatment that matches their particular diagnosis. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy or radiation, as well as immunotherapy. Patients should collaborate with an expert team at an experienced mesothelioma center in their local area to receive the most effective treatment that is possible.<br><br>Doctors can detect mesothelioma through physical examination or lab tests as well as imaging scans. Patients may be referred to a specialist for more thorough testing or treatment options such as a biopsies. A biopsy is a procedure in which a doctor removes a small sample of tissue to examine under microscope. Mesothelioma can be described as a cancer that is found in the mesothelium which is a protective layer of cells that surround organs in the chest and abdomen. It can expand into the bloodstream and then spread to other parts of the body. There, it can cause life-threatening complications.<br><br>In addition to the biopsy, doctors could conduct a CT scan or an MRI of the chest and abdomen. These tests use imaging to identify signs of mesothelioma or other diseases. They can also determine how the tumor is affecting organs around it, for example, how a mesothelioma in the lungs affects the intestines and the heart.<br><br>Blood tests can reveal some substance in the blood that indicates the presence mesothelioma. However these tests aren't always accurate and they cannot replace a mesothelioma biopsy. Mesothelioma can be diagnosed in the early stages which is crucial to improve the chances of survival.<br><br>There are three types of mesothelioma that are based on the type of cells that create. Epithelioid, the most common kind and is the most responsive to treatment. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma and biphasic are less responsive to treatment and have a lower prognosis.<br><br>The Pleura is the lining that covers the lungs. The doctors can treat pleural mesothelioma through chemotherapy or surgery. This kind of mesothelioma may be treated with two distinct surgeries: extrapleural lung pneumonectomy (EPP), and pleurectomy/pericardiectomy (P/D).<br><br>Doctors may opt for hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy, or HIOC to reduce the risk of recurrences after surgery. In HIOC doctors inject chemotherapy drugs to fight cancer directly into the surgical site. They then rock the patient back and forth while bathing the area in hot chemotherapy fluids.

Revision as of 10:36, 18 September 2024

Mesothelioma

Mesothelioma is a cancerous tumor that affects the linings of organs such as the abdomen and chest is caused by asbestos exposure. It is most often caused by asbestos exposure, specifically for those who work in industrial or construction work.

Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial to a positive prognosis. Patients suffering from mesothelioma can have better outcomes if they are diagnosed before the disease has been able to spread.

Causes

Mesothelioma is a tumor that can be cancerous that develops in the tissue that surrounds the abdomen and chest is a rare disorder. Malignant mesothelioma lawyers (use Hikvisiondb) is most often found in the tissues surrounding the lungs stomach, intestines and lungs. However, it can also manifest in other tissues, such as the tissue that surrounds the heart (pericardial mesothelioma) and the testicles (tunica vaginalis mesothelioma).

The exposure to asbestos is the main cause of mesothelioma. Asbestos is a group minerals that contain microscopic fibers. Asbestos was once used widely in a variety of industries, including construction, insulation and shipbuilding. Asbestos-related exposure can cause people to develop mesothelioma-related symptoms up to 40 years after their last exposure to the substance.

The most commonly reported sign is difficulty breathing. This is caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lung's space and the chest wall. Doctors can diagnose mesothelioma through reviewing a patient's medical records and doing diagnostic tests. They will search for any history of exposure to asbestos as well as examine the patient's Xrays, computed tomography (CT) scans, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

A biopsy is the main method used to detect mesothelioma that is pleural. During this test, doctors will remove a small portion of the affected region to examine under microscope. A biopsy is performed by using two methods: VATS (Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery), a type of keyhole surgery or a needle that is inserted using a CT scan.

Mesothelioma is often difficult to detect because the symptoms and signs are similar to other types of. This is why it's important to consult a doctor when you experience any symptoms that worry you.

At the time mesothelioma gets diagnosed, it's usually at an advanced stage. Treatment options are limited. Most patients who have mesothelioma of the lung die from complications of the disease, such as pneumonia and respiratory failure. A smaller number of patients suffering from mesothelioma that affects other organs, such as those who have pericardial or tunica vaginalis mesothelioma. They die from complications affecting the heart or bowels.

Symptoms

The symptoms of mesothelioma are similar to those of other diseases or conditions which is why it can be difficult for doctors to determine an accurate diagnosis. They might begin by asking patients about their experience of exposure to asbestos. They may also order a CT scan or chest X-ray in order to look for problems in the lungs and chest. The next step is usually a biopsy, in which doctors take a small sample to test for mesothelioma. A biopsy can be used to determine if the cancerous cells are malignant.

Pleural mesothelioma can develop in the lung's lining, and the signs are typically breathing shortness and pain that get worse with time. These symptoms could be caused by fluid buildup in the lung (pleural effusion). Other signs of pleural mesothelioma include bloody coughing abdominal pain and swelling in the abdomen, weight loss, fatigue and difficulty breathing. Peritoneal mesothelioma is not as common and is usually associated with symptoms like abdominal pain, vomiting, fatigue, and fever. Mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis area is even less common and can cause testicular pain, a lump in the scrotum as well as loss of appetite.

If mesothelioma spreads to other areas of the body doctors will make use of a combination of treatments and tests to treat it. They can use surgery as well as chemotherapy treatment, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy to kill mesothelioma tumor cells or stop them from forming. These treatments can be given in a hospital, at home or through the clinic.

A biopsy can assist doctors determine the type of mesothelioma the patient is suffering from. There are three primary mesothelioma cancer cell types: epithelioid, biphasic and sarcomatoid. Epithelioid mesothelioma cells are most common and grow slower than other cancerous cells, which is why they are less difficult to treat. Sarcomatoid cancer is more difficult to treat and is prone to spreading rapidly.

A patient with mesothelioma needs to seek immediate treatment if they exhibit any symptoms. It is crucial to seek treatment as soon as they experience any symptoms. A misdiagnosis could prevent them from receiving the correct treatment and prolong cancer time to develop. Patients with mesothelioma that receive intensive treatment have a better chance of living for longer.

Diagnosis

It is often difficult to identify mesothelioma lawsuit since it is a rare form of cancer. It can take doctors weeks or even months to identify a patient with a condition that requires treatment. In addition to a physical exam, the doctor will inquire about asbestos exposure, and how symptoms first developed. The doctor may request an imaging scan. These tests can help to identify areas where there is a problem in the lungs and chest cavity.

The main test used to detect mesothelioma involves a biopsy that involves removing a small piece of the tumor and examining it under microscope. The specialist doctor will be able discern if the cancer is mesothelioma and the type of mesothelioma law it is.

There are three types of mesothelioma: epithelioid, sarcomatoid or mixed (biphasic). The cell type is important because it affects the ease of the tumor to treat. Epithelioid cell types are the most prevalent, which are found in around 70 percent of mesothelioma cases. Sarcomatoid cells resemble the fibrous tissue cells and are found in the remaining 30 percent of mesothelioma sufferers. The most risky mesothelioma variant, called mixed mesothelioma occurs when it is composed of epithelioid as well as sarcomatoid cancer cells.

The use of blood tests is to determine if levels of fibulin-3 and mesothelin-soluble Peptides, as well as osteopontin, are elevated. These substances are more prevalent in mesothelioma patients, but not in other people. The results of these tests aren't conclusive in either proving or disproving a diagnosis.

If a mesothelioma diagnose is confirmed, the doctor could also ask for additional tests to determine how far the cancer has spread and how it's affecting the patient's overall health. A lung function test, for example, will reveal the efficiency of the lungs and help doctors determine if surgery is an option.

Other tests include a CT scan or MRI. A PET-CT scan combines an CT scan with a positron emission tomography scanner, which allows doctors to determine if cancer has taken hold and where it's located. A doctor may also order an ultrasound to determine the extent of any accumulation of fluid in the heart.

Treatment

Mesothelioma patients need to find the best treatment that matches their particular diagnosis. Treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy or radiation, as well as immunotherapy. Patients should collaborate with an expert team at an experienced mesothelioma center in their local area to receive the most effective treatment that is possible.

Doctors can detect mesothelioma through physical examination or lab tests as well as imaging scans. Patients may be referred to a specialist for more thorough testing or treatment options such as a biopsies. A biopsy is a procedure in which a doctor removes a small sample of tissue to examine under microscope. Mesothelioma can be described as a cancer that is found in the mesothelium which is a protective layer of cells that surround organs in the chest and abdomen. It can expand into the bloodstream and then spread to other parts of the body. There, it can cause life-threatening complications.

In addition to the biopsy, doctors could conduct a CT scan or an MRI of the chest and abdomen. These tests use imaging to identify signs of mesothelioma or other diseases. They can also determine how the tumor is affecting organs around it, for example, how a mesothelioma in the lungs affects the intestines and the heart.

Blood tests can reveal some substance in the blood that indicates the presence mesothelioma. However these tests aren't always accurate and they cannot replace a mesothelioma biopsy. Mesothelioma can be diagnosed in the early stages which is crucial to improve the chances of survival.

There are three types of mesothelioma that are based on the type of cells that create. Epithelioid, the most common kind and is the most responsive to treatment. Sarcomatoid mesothelioma and biphasic are less responsive to treatment and have a lower prognosis.

The Pleura is the lining that covers the lungs. The doctors can treat pleural mesothelioma through chemotherapy or surgery. This kind of mesothelioma may be treated with two distinct surgeries: extrapleural lung pneumonectomy (EPP), and pleurectomy/pericardiectomy (P/D).

Doctors may opt for hyperthermic intraoperative chemotherapy, or HIOC to reduce the risk of recurrences after surgery. In HIOC doctors inject chemotherapy drugs to fight cancer directly into the surgical site. They then rock the patient back and forth while bathing the area in hot chemotherapy fluids.